Main Page

This wiki is a resource for people who do research in time scale calculus. Time scale calculus is a unification and extension of differential and difference calculus in which one does calculus upon a set $\mathbb{T}$ of real numbers called a time scale. When $\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{R}$ the resulting theory becomes differential calculus but when $\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{Z}$ the resulting theory becomes difference calculus. Time scales also include any closed subset of $\mathbb{R}$, so more exotic sets such as the Cantor set are also subsumed in the theory.

A result proven in time scale calculus implies the result for all choices of $\mathbb{T}$ so a result in time scale calculus immediately implies the result in differential calculus, the same result in difference calculus, the same result in $q$-calculus, the same result in calculus on the Cantor set, and countless others. For an example of this phenomenon, see the familiar properties of the $\Delta$-derivative to classical differentiation or to taking a forward difference.

How to get access to edit this wiki

In order to temper anonymous edits by web bots, I have restricted registration. Please send me an e-mail at tomcuchta.....at......gmail......dot.....com with the subject "Time scale wiki registration". When I receive the e-mail, I will enable registration for you.

Calculus on time scales

Examples of time scales
$\Huge\mathbb{R}$ Real numbers	$\Huge\mathbb{Z}$ Integers	$\Huge{h\mathbb{Z}}$ Multiples of integers	$\Huge\mathbb{Z}^2$ Square integers	$\Huge\mathbb{H}$ Harmonic numbers	$\Huge\mathbb{T}_{\mathrm{iso}}$ Isolated points
$\Huge\sqrt[n]{\mathbb{N}_0}$ nth root numbers	$\Huge\mathbb{P}_{a,b}$ Evenly spaced intervals	$\huge\overline{q^{\mathbb{Z}}}$ Quantum, $q>1$	$\huge\overline{q^{\mathbb{Z}}}$ Quantum, $q<1$	$\overline{\left\{\dfrac{1}{n} \colon n \in \mathbb{Z}^+\right\}}$ Closure of unit fractions	$\Huge\mathcal{C}$ Cantor set

$\Delta$-special functions on time scales
$\cos_p$	$\cosh_p$	$e_p$	$g_k$	$h_k$	$\sin_p$	$\sinh_p$

• Abel's theorem
• Bilateral Laplace transform
• Cauchy function
• Calculus of variations
• Chain rule
• Convolution
• Dense point
• Disconjugate
• Dynamic equation
• Circle minus
• Circle plus
• Complex calculus on time scales
• Convergence of time scales
• Dilation of time scales
• Duality of $\Delta$ and $\nabla$
• Fractional calculus
• Function spaces
• Generalized square
• Generalized zero
• Hilger alternating axis
• Hilger circle
• Hilger complex plane
• Hilger imaginary part
• Hilger pure imaginary
• Hilger real axis
• Hilger real part
• Induction on time scales
• Laplace transform
• L'Hospital's Rule
• Mean value theorem
• Pre-differentiable
• Fourier transform
• rd-continuous
• Regressive function
• Regulated function
• Riccati equation
• Riesz representation theorem
• Scattered point
• Self-adjoint
• Shifting problem
• Substitution
• Variation of parameters
• Wronskian

$\Delta$-calculus

• Completely delta differentiable
• $\Delta$-Bernoulli inequality
• $\Delta$-Bihari inequality
• $\Delta$-Cauchy-Schwarz inequality
• $\Delta$-derivative
• $\Delta$-Gronwall inequality
• $\Delta$ heat equation
• $\Delta$-Hölder inequality
• $\Delta$-integral
• $\Delta$-Jensen inequality
• $\Delta$-Lyapunov inequality
• $\Delta$-Markov inequality
• $\Delta$-Minkowski inequality
• $\Delta$-Opial inequality
• $\Delta$-Taylor's formula
• $\Delta$-Tschebycheff inequality
• $\Delta$-Wirtinger inequality
• $\Delta$ wave equation
• Directional $\Delta$ derivative
• Partial $\Delta$ derivative
• Partial $\Delta$ dynamic equations

$\nabla$-calculus

• $\nabla$-derivative
• $\nabla$-integral

$\Diamond_{\alpha}$-calculus

• $\Diamond_{\alpha}$-derivative
• $\Diamond_{\alpha}$-Hölder inequality
• $\Diamond_{\alpha}$-Jensen's inequality
• $\Diamond_{\alpha}$-Minkowski's inequality
• $\Diamond$-integral

Probability Theory

• Cumulant generating function
• Cumulative distribution function
• Moments
• Probability density function
• Joint time scales probability density function
• Moment generating function
• Expected value
• Variance

Examples of time scales

1. The real line: $\mathbb{R}$
2. The integers: $\mathbb{Z} = \{\ldots, -1,0,1,\ldots\}$
3. Multiples of integers: $h\mathbb{Z} = \{ht \colon t \in \mathbb{Z}\}$
4. Quantum numbers ($q>1$): $\overline{q^{\mathbb{Z}}}$
5. Quantum numbers ($q<1$): $\overline{q^{\mathbb{Z}}}$
6. Square integers: $\mathbb{Z}^2 = \{t^2 \colon t \in \mathbb{Z} \}$
7. Harmonic numbers: $\mathbb{H}=\left\{\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^n \dfrac{1}{k} \colon n \in \mathbb{Z}^+ \right\}$
8. The closure of the unit fractions: $\overline{\left\{\dfrac{1}{n} \colon n \in \mathbb{Z}^+\right\}}$
9. Isolated points: $\mathbb{T}=\{\ldots, t_{-1}, t_{0}, t_1, \ldots\}$

Special functions on time scales

• $\mathrm{c}_{pq}$
• $\mathrm{ch}_{pq}$
• $\mathrm{s}_{pq}$
• $\mathrm{sh}_{pq}$
• Gamma function
• Hyperbolic functions
• Euler-Cauchy logarithm
• Bohner logarithm
• Jackson logarithm
• Mozyrska-Torres logarithm
• Gaussian bell

$\nabla$-calculus

• $\nabla \widehat{\cos}_p$
• $\nabla \widehat{\cosh}_p$
• $\nabla \widehat{\exp}$
• $\nabla \hat{h}_k$
• $\nabla \hat{g}_k$
• $\nabla \widehat{\sin}_p$
• $\nabla \widehat{\sinh}_p$

$\Diamond_{\alpha}$-calculus

• $\Diamond_{\alpha}$-$\cos_p$
• $\Diamond_{\alpha}$-$\cosh_p$
• $\Diamond_{\alpha}$-$e_p$
• $\Diamond$-$\sin_p$
• $\Diamond$-$\sinh_p$

Probability Distributions on time scales

• Uniform distribution
• Exponential distribution
• Gamma distribution

Differential equations

Hypergeometric differential equation
Confluent hypergeometric differential equation